Akumuliatoriaus išradimo istorija
1786 m. Bolonijos universitete Italijoje dirbo anatomas Galvani. Atlikdamas varlės skrodimo eksperimentą, jis išsiaiškino, kad metaliniu skalpeliu palietus varlės raumenis, varlė šokinėja, o kojos ims spazmuoti. Atradimas labai nustebino, ir jis manė, kad čia yra bioelektra.
In the eighteenth century AD, people's understanding of electricity mainly came from triboelectricity and lightning in nature, so the previous phenomena related to electricity, such as fur friction and Leiden bottle, were all static electricity. The discovery of the same phenomenon as triboelectricity on frog legs was indeed surprising at the time. After the publication of this result in 1791, it attracted great attention.
For example, it caught the attention of Volta, another university professor in Italy. Volta repeated and tested Galvani's experiment. After repeating it many times, he thought: Could the phenomenon of frog leg spasms have nothing to do with living things? Maybe a frog leg is just a conductor?
Norėdamas įrodyti šį teiginį, jis pašalino visus biologinius veiksnius ir panaudojo du skirtingus metalus elektrai gaminti. Iš tiesų, galiausiai jis panaudojo įvairius metalus, tokius kaip reaktyvusis cinkas ir neaktyvus sidabras ar varis, panardintus į kartoną su sūriu vandeniu, kad generuotų nuolatinę elektros srovę. Tai pirmoji baterija žmonijos istorijoje - voltinė krūva.
The "Volta Pile" made by Volta himself is now in the Volta Museum in Italy. Image source: Wikipedia
This study by Volta in 1800 changed the understanding of electricity from static electricity to electrokinetic electricity. Napoleon, who had conquered Italy at the time, recognized the importance of this research and granted him the title of Lord Volta. Until now the unit of voltage in our physics "volt" is also named after him.
Of course, the importance of this work is not only in winning the prize, it lays the foundation for the emergence and development of electromagnetism. Faraday's electromagnetic induction experiment was done in 1831. If there was no voltaic pile at the beginning, Faraday would have no way to do electromagnetic induction experiments, and human beings would have no way to establish a system of electromagnetic knowledge.
So was Galvani wrong? In fact, Galvani is very insistent on his own views. He believes that his experiments are no problem, and he has done a long time to verify it. Volta said that the current came from two different metals. Galvani simply did an experiment without using any metal. He used the nerves of a frog to touch the muscles of the frog's legs, and found that the frog's legs would still spasm, which means that even if there is no metal, there is no In the external voltaic pile, living things will also respond to electrical signals, and there is still bioelectricity.
Taigi Galvani taip pat buvo teisus. Šis reiškinys po ilgus metus trukusių intensyvių tyrimų galiausiai davė pradžią šiuolaikinei elektrofiziologijai. Važiuojame į ligoninę elektrokardiogramoms ir elektroencefalogramoms, kurios visos susijusios su elektrofiziologija. Ir JAV, ir Kinija studijuoja neurologiją ir smegenų mokslą. Šie signalų perdavimai yra pagrįsti srove, kurią sukuria jonai žmogaus kūne.
Galima įsivaizduoti, kad lūžio tarpsniu nuo XVIII amžiaus iki XIX amžiaus akademinės Galvani ir Voltos diskusijos buvo labai reikšmingos kuriant žmogaus žinių sistemą.
