Artėja galios ličio baterijų perdirbimo pramonės galimybių laikotarpis
The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in my country will soon usher in a centralized scrapping period. According to data released by market research institutions, in 2016, the scrapped power battery in my country was about 12,000 tons, and by 2020, this number is expected to surge to about 248,000 tons. The centralized "retirement" of used power batteries has brought a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to realize this "benefit". Immature technology, non-standard processing, and inadequate supervision may erode development dividends. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
"Scrap wave" brings opportunities for power battery recycling industry
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that, in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all the city's franchised public transport vehicles have been fully electric. By 2020, Shenzhen will also achieve 100 percent electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of my country's move towards a big country in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. Since 2014, my country's new energy vehicle market has shown a rapid development trend. As of the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a centralized scrapping period in the next few years. "Our analysis believes that after 2018, the scale of domestic retired power batteries will increase rapidly." said Bai Min, an assistant researcher at the International Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Išnaudotų baterijų perdirbimas yra labai svarbus: viena vertus, tai gali pagerinti baterijų žaliavų perdirbimo lygį, kita vertus, išvengti galimos naudotų baterijų žalos žmonėms ir aplinkai. .
A person in charge of a new energy vehicle manufacturing company told reporters that, unlike lead-acid batteries that contain heavy metals and are toxic and harmful in the past, lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles are relatively less harmful to the environment. Copper, cobalt, lithium and other metals in batteries have higher economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, waste power batteries will be favored by recycling companies. "Lithium batteries are full of treasures, and I'm not afraid that no one will handle them."
"Economic accounts" cannot be simply calculated, beware that industrial opportunities become social problems
——Immature industrialization technology squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, a senior engineer at China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that at present, key technologies such as power battery retirement judgment standards and detection technology, residual value evaluation technology of batteries that can be used in cascade, automatic dismantling of single battery and material sorting technology are not mature enough. Battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to estimates, a power battery recycling enterprise using traditional technology, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not only unprofitable, but may lose money.
- Netinkamai elgiantis su ličio baterijomis kyla sprogimo ir užteršimo pavojus. Kinijos mokslų akademijos Šendženo pažangiųjų technologijų instituto tyrėjo asistentas Zhangas Zhemingas teigė, kad ličio baterijos yra gana nekenksmingos aplinkai, tačiau tai nereiškia, kad apdorojimo metu jos nepadarys žalos žmogaus organizmui ir aplinkai. Kai akumuliatorius yra iki tam tikro lygio arba po susidūrimo transportavimo metu, gali įvykti trumpasis jungimas, dėl kurio akumuliatorius gali lengvai sprogti.
——The flow of some batteries lacks supervision, which can easily lead to "bad money drives out good money". Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Tower Corporation has built 57 decommissioned battery cascade utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. Various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak shaving and valley filling, and microgrid. However, Bai Min reminded that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling companies. Through simple dismantling, these companies resell some of the batteries to users in other fields, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric toy manufacturers.
Būtina sukurti brandžią ir veiksmingą perdirbimo sistemą
First, speed up the formulation of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Dismantling Specifications" was implemented, and another important standard "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Utilization Residual Energy Testing" was also implemented on February 1, 2018. However, some details still haunt related companies, and experts have called for more detailed standards. Research shows that, taking the transportation of used batteries as an example, if the transportation is carried out according to the standard of hazardous waste, it will not only take a long time for approval for inter-provincial transportation, but also require special vehicles for transportation, and the cost will increase exponentially.
Antra, profesionalių perdirbimo įmonių aljansas imasi iniciatyvos toliau integruoti perdirbimo tinklą. Akumuliatorių perdirbimas apima daugybę ryšių, pvz., vartotojų, prekiautojų ir automobilių įmonių, ir reikalauja daug žmogiškųjų ir materialinių išteklių. Jei skirtingos įmonės sukurs savo perdirbimo sistemas, tai sukels statybos dubliavimą ir turės įtakos perdirbimo efektyvumui. Visi ekspertai, tokie kaip Zhang Zheming ir Bai Min, pasiūlė, kad, remiantis prielaida, kad gamintojai prisiima didesnę atsakomybę, jie turėtų daugiausia pasikliauti profesionaliomis baterijų atliekų perdirbimo ir perdirbimo įmonėmis ir sukurti nacionalinį vieningą perdirbimo tinklą, kuriam vadovautų plačiai pripažintos asociacijos ir aljansai.
Trečia, sukurti baterijos kodo atsekamumo sistemą, kad būtų sustiprinta pažeidimų priežiūra. Ge Jianpingas, Kinijos geomokslų universiteto (Pekinas) Humanitarinių mokslų, ekonomikos ir vadybos mokyklos docentas, pasiūlė kuo greičiau nustatyti privalomą maitinimo baterijų kodavimo standartą ir sukurti maitinimo baterijų duomenų bazę. Pramonės ir informacinių technologijų, pramonės ir prekybos bei aplinkos apsaugos skyriai turėtų suformuoti bendras priežiūros pajėgas ir ryžtingai bausti mažas dirbtuves, kurios nelegaliai perdirba ir utilizuoja maitinimo baterijas.
